Menstruation, or menstruation, is a natural part of life for millions of people around the world. Despite this, there are still many questions, misunderstandings and even shame associated with the subject. This guide is written to break the silence and create reassurance. Whether you just got your first period, have had it for years or want to understand your partner or friend better – here you will find the answers.
Menstruation is not something dirty or strange. It is a natural biological process that shows that the body is working as it should. At the same time, it is something very individual – some barely notice it, while others experience pain, mood swings or fatigue. The important thing is to feel safe, have the right knowledge and know what aids are available.
Table of contents
- What is menstruation?
- How does the menstrual cycle work?
- Common symptoms during menstruation
- How long do periods last?
- What are tampons?
- What is a menstrual cup?
- Other menstrual protection – sanitary napkins and panty liners
- Menstruation and stigma – it's time to talk openly
- The impact of menstruation on the body and emotions
- When should you seek medical attention?
What is menstruation?
Menstruation is the bleeding that occurs when the lining of the uterus is shed, usually once a month. It is the body's way of clearing out what has built up in preparation for a possible pregnancy. If no fertilized egg attaches to the uterus, the body starts over – and menstruation is the start of a new cycle.
The blood comes from the uterus, not the vagina, and consists of mucous membranes, secretions, and blood. The amount varies from person to person, but most people bleed between 30 and 80 milliliters during their entire period.
How does the menstrual cycle work?
An average menstrual cycle is around 28 days, but it is perfectly normal for it to be shorter or longer. The cycle starts with menstruation, followed by a period where an egg matures, and around day 14 ovulation occurs. If the egg is not fertilized, hormones drop and menstruation begins again.
Hormones like estrogen and progesterone control the entire process. They affect not only your period but also your mood, energy, and sensitivity. Understanding the cycle makes it easier to understand your own body.
Common symptoms during menstruation
It is common to feel your body when your period is approaching or is in progress. Some common symptoms include:
✔️ Menstrual pain in the lower abdomen or back
✔️ Sore breasts
✔️ Fatigue or mood swings
✔️ Swollen feeling or headache
Not everyone experiences these, and some have very mild symptoms. But for others, periods can have a significant impact on everyday life. In that case, it may be a good idea to talk to a midwife or gynecologist about remedies such as over-the-counter medications or hormonal contraceptives.
How long do periods last?
Most people have periods that last between 3 and 7 days. Bleeding can be heavy at the beginning and lighten towards the end. For some, it varies each time, while others have regular and predictable periods.
It is also common for your cycle to change over time – especially during puberty, after pregnancy or pre-menopause. Tracking your cycle with a period app or calendar can help you better understand your pattern.
What are tampons?
Tampons are small, cylindrical products that are inserted into the vagina to absorb menstrual blood. They come in different sizes depending on the amount of bleeding, and with or without an inserter. The tampon should be changed approximately every four to eight hours.
The advantages are that they are discreet, suitable for sports or swimming, and are not felt if they are properly inserted. The disadvantage is that you need to be careful with hygiene, and that they do not suit everyone – some may find it uncomfortable or difficult at first.
What is a menstrual cup?
The menstrual cup is a reusable menstrual protection device made of soft silicone that is inserted into the vagina and collects blood instead of absorbing it. It can be worn for up to 12 hours before being emptied, rinsed and reinserted.
The advantages of a menstrual cup are that it is environmentally friendly, economical and long-lasting . Many people also experience less odor and irritation. It may take a few cycles to learn how to insert it correctly, but once you have learned, it is often very comfortable.
Other menstrual protection – sanitary napkins and panty liners
Pads and panty liners are placed inside your underwear and absorb the blood from the outside. They come in different thicknesses and lengths, and are a good option for overnight use or for those who don't want to use anything internally.
There are also reusable cloth pads and menstrual cups that work in the same way, but which you wash after use. These are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental friendliness and comfort.
Menstruation and stigma – it's time to talk openly
Even though menstruation is completely normal, many people still feel ashamed or uncomfortable talking about it. It is important to de-dramatize menstruation and create space to ask questions, ask for help, and feel proud of your body.
Talking about menstruation is not only important for the person who has it, but also for partners, friends, parents and school staff. Everyone benefits from knowledge and understanding.
The impact of menstruation on the body and emotions
Menstruation doesn't just affect the physical – many people experience changes in mood, energy and self-image . It's normal to feel more sensitive some days and more energetic others. Learning to listen to your body and adjust your exercise, rest and self-love to your cycle can make a big difference.
Some people may also experience anxiety or depression around their periods. In that case, it may be worth talking to a midwife or therapist – there is help available.
When should you seek medical attention?
You should always listen to your body. Seek medical attention if you:
✔️ Have extremely heavy periods that affect everyday life
✔️ Are you in so much pain that you can't function normally?
✔️ Menstruation occurs less frequently than every 35 days or more frequently than every 21 days
✔️ Have a break in your period for no reason
There may be underlying causes such as endometriosis or hormonal imbalances . It's nothing to be ashamed of – menstrual health is an important part of the whole.
Termination
Periods are a natural, powerful and sometimes challenging part of life. But with the right knowledge, confidence and support, it can be something you understand, manage and even be proud of. Whether you use tampons, a menstrual cup or pads – the most important thing is that it feels right for you.
We need to continue talking about menstruation – openly, honestly and without shame. Because when we do, we make room for health, understanding and freedom.